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Covão Cimeiro is a perfect glacial cirque, showing vertical backwalls, with 300 meters relief, and a poorly drained basin, which is a glacial overdeepening – the Covão. Downstream from the overdeepening a convex rock outcrop almost closes the cirque floor, forming a riegel. Glacial cirques have a complex origin controlled by erosion at the base of the glacier (subglacial) and by glacial and periglacial (i.e. freeze-thaw action) processes in the rock walls. In the early stage of the glaciation, the cirques, particularly those sheltered from the wind, are areas where the snow blown from the plateau will preferentially accumulate and stay during longer periods. It is in these cirques that the formation of valley glaciers begins, and where glacial erosion lasts longer, eroding the upper catchment of the glacial valley. On the other hand, also during deglaciation, with increasing temperatures, it is in the cirques that the glaciers will stay for a longer period, which further increases the duration of erosion. In the cirques, glacial erosion is mainly caused by basal abrasion and ploughing, with fluvioglacial erosion also adding to these processes.
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